The Online Home of Historian and Author Rose Stremlau

Category: Historiography

A Critical Intervention

After participating in the symposium Indians as Southerners, Southerners as Indians at Florida State University in fall 2014, I invited several other historians contributing to the anthology of the same name to strategize about how to integrate the literature about American Indians into the master narrative of Southern history. We shared our ideas in a roundtable at the annual meeting of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association. These are my comments.

I was invited to participate in this collection after finishing my first book in which I sought to explain how the members of one community in the Cherokee Nation responded to allotment. I had analyzed experiences of the policy from the bottom up focusing on the most basic unit of Cherokee society, extended families. I selected a few dozen families as a case study and scoured the paper trail created by clerks, lawyers, and government agents looking for the grey areas suggesting where persistence met change in the day-to-day lives of allottees. I spent hours researching in the records created by the Dawes Commission, the federal committee charged to dismantle the Cherokee Nation and distribute its resources. At some point among inhaling copious amounts of dust and squinting to make out the illegible handwriting, I realized that the Dawes Commissioners were – pretty much – a bunch of men obsessed with sex.

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Rethinking Southern History

I shared these thoughts at the meeting of the Southern Association for Women Historians. Thank you to Angela Pulley Hudson for inviting me to participate in this roundtable discussion entitled “You Can’t Do Southern History without American Indians.”

Earlier this year, a grassroots campaign gained enormous support through social media. Their goal: a commitment from the Secretary of the Treasury to replace Andrew Jackson with a woman on the $20 bill before the one hundredth anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Nearly a million Americans participated in the Womenon20s initiative or, for short, W20, by voting and signing the petition, which was delivered to President Obama in May. The W20 campaign entailed a multi-step online poll, which began with 100 women and culminated in a slate of four finalists. From the beginning to the 15 semi-finalists, the pool of candidates skewed towards Northeasterners. It is no surprise that such luminaries of U.S. women’s history like Stanton and Anthony, Alice Paul, and Margaret Sanger would be included. The final four, however, leaned towards Southern women with only New Yorker Eleanor Roosevelt being included alongside Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, and Wilma Mankiller. Notably, Mankiller, the former principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, was not a semi-finalist, but was added to the final four in response to popular demand and with the support of her tribe and family. Perhaps all of these people simply appreciate the powerful symbolism of removing Jackson and replacing him with a Cherokee person, but I think there’s something else going on here. The South certainly has a hold on our collective memory, and initiatives like this—where popular culture meets public history—are opportunities for us, as professional historians, to understand what other Americans understand about our history and want from our study of the past.

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